Sunday, November 30, 2008

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Red Copper (Ox Blood)





copper red glazes, are for me the most beautiful and certainly the most difficult to master. These were developed during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644), during the flowering period, ( after overcoming occupation throughout China by Genghis Khan, Great Khan of the Mongols, who came to take up the capital in 1211, without taking the whole of China, because the gains to the west and Persia. But if he did his grandson Kublai Khan in 1280.

This invasion was the most catastrophic of all China suffered in its long history.

Beyond this period known as the Yuan (1280 - 1368), under the Mongol yoke, there is the Ming Dynasty. ) will reach the maximum development of the porcelain, as evidenced by the works that came to our days achieved a technical breakthrough in the glazes, and a master skill in decorative compositions.

As I said earlier in this period were developed by reducing red copper oxide, achieved a rich variety of shades from pale pink (peach blossom) the intense, saturated red (ox blood).

glazes are to be baked in a reducing atmosphere, and I think this is the most important point to success with these covers. It is necessary to have an oven that allows us to control the oxidation and reduction, the latter has to occur evenly throughout the oven if we are to achieve a steady red across the surface of the pieces, otherwise prove Flambé .

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favorite tenmoku



TEMMOKU

These enamels dating from the Sung dynasty it was nail color dark reddish brown to black, very shiny crystals of iron were present, and according to the characteristics of these crystals can be called: oil Mancha, reddish brown to black with silver circular crystals. hare or rabbit skin , clear reddish brown color with darker vertical striations, partridge feather, clear reddish brown color crystallizations in the dark with semicircular strips oriented vertically, Kaki, reddish brown color, bright without crystallization.

Paradoxically, this type of glaze of Chinese origin we know by the name of Temmoku, word of Japanese origin meaning eyes in the sky, perhaps because its dark color symbolizes the night sky and its stars crystallization. The reason of this name do not know. In Chinese is called yao Chien, Chien corresponds to a type of ceramic production in southern China, and Yao is a Chinese term ceramics.

These enamels are characterized by dark and bright coloration, usually a deep black of great beauty, which may have crystals, and usually clear at the edges of the pieces, or areas by runoff of the enamel decreases its thickness, and transparency reveals the body that contains it.

The Temmoku owe their color to iron oxide, which can be provided as ocher, iron oxide, iron oxide, ferrites, ferruginous clay (low melting point and high iron content, etc.).; Is common incorporating ashes as a flux.


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My favorite glazes (Tenmoku - celadon - copper red) long, that the study, seek new formulas and strive to reduce these enamels used for centuries , are not without effect. Potters
contemporary Japanese, Korean and Chinese, are the leading exponents of the development of these glazes.

Friday, November 28, 2008